Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages
Identifieur interne : 002511 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002510; suivant : 002512Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages
Auteurs : David Stucki [Suisse] ; Daniela Brites [Suisse] ; Leïla Jeljeli [Allemagne, Tunisie] ; Mireia Coscolla [Suisse] ; Qingyun Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Andrej Trauner [Suisse] ; Lukas Fenner [Suisse] ; Liliana Rutaihwa [Suisse] ; Sonia Borrell [Suisse] ; Tao Luo [République populaire de Chine] ; Qian Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Midori Kato-Maeda [États-Unis] ; Marie Ballif [Suisse] ; Matthias Egger [Suisse] ; Rita Macedo [Portugal] ; Helmi Mardassi [Tunisie] ; Milagros Moreno [Angola] ; Griselda Tudo Vilanova [Espagne] ; Janet Fyfe [Australie] ; Maria Globan [Australie] ; Jackson Thomas [Tanzanie] ; Frances Jamieson [Canada] ; Jennifer L. Guthrie [Canada] ; Adwoa Asante-Poku [Ghana] ; Dorothy Yeboah-Manu [Ghana] ; Eddie Wampande [Ouganda] ; Willy Ssengooba [Ouganda, Pays-Bas] ; Moses Joloba [Ouganda] ; W. Henry Boom [États-Unis] ; Indira Basu [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; James Bower [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Margarida Saraiva [Portugal] ; Sidra E. G. Vaconcellos [Brésil] ; Philip Suffys [Brésil] ; Anastasia Koch [Afrique du Sud] ; Robert Wilkinson [Afrique du Sud, Royaume-Uni] ; Linda Gail-Bekker [Afrique du Sud] ; Bijaya Malla [Suisse] ; Serej D. Ley [Suisse] ; Hans-Peter Beck [Suisse] ; Bouke C. De Jong [Belgique] ; Kadri Toit [Estonie] ; Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla [France] ; Maryline Bonnet [France] ; Ana Gil-Brusola [Espagne] ; Matthias Frank [Allemagne] ; Veronique N. Penlap Beng [Cameroun] ; Kathleen Eisenach [États-Unis] ; Issam Alani [Iraq] ; Perpetual Wangui Ndung [Kenya] ; Gunturu Revathi [Kenya] ; Florian Gehre [Belgique, Gambie] ; Suriya Akter [Belgique] ; Francine Ntoumi [Allemagne] ; Lynsey Stewart-Isherwood [Afrique du Sud] ; Nyanda E. Ntinginya [Tanzanie] ; Andrea Rachow [Allemagne] ; Michael Hoelscher [Allemagne] ; Daniela Maria Cirillo [Italie] ; Girts Skenders [Lettonie] ; Sven Hoffner [Suède] ; Daiva Bakonyte [Lituanie] ; Petras Stakenas [Lituanie] ; Roland Diel [Allemagne] ; Valeriu Crudu ; Olga Moldovan [Roumanie] ; Sahal Al-Hajoj [Arabie saoudite] ; Larissa Otero [Pérou] ; Francesca Barletta [Pérou] ; E. Jane Carter [États-Unis, Kenya] ; Lameck Diero [Kenya] ; Philip Supply [France] ; I Aki Comas [Espagne] ; Stefan Niemann [Allemagne] ; Sebastien Gagneux [Suisse]Source :
- Nature genetics [ 1061-4036 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN bactérien (analyse), Génomique (), Génotype, Humains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (génétique), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolement et purification), Phylogéographie, Polymorphisme génétique (génétique), Santé mondiale, Tuberculose (génétique), Tuberculose (microbiologie).
- MESH :
- analyse : ADN bactérien.
- génétique : Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymorphisme génétique, Tuberculose.
- isolement et purification : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- microbiologie : Tuberculose.
- Génomique, Génotype, Humains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phylogéographie, Santé mondiale.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- DNA, Bacterial (analysis), Genomics (methods), Genotype, Global Health, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (classification), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolation & purification), Phylogeography, Polymorphism, Genetic (genetics), Tuberculosis (genetics), Tuberculosis (microbiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : DNA, Bacterial.
- classification : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- genetics : Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymorphism, Genetic, Tuberculosis.
- isolation & purification : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- methods : Genomics.
- microbiology : Tuberculosis.
- Genotype, Global Health, Humans, Phylogeography.
Abstract
Generalist and specialist species differ in the breadth of their ecological niche. Little is known about the niche width of obligate human pathogens. Here we analyzed a global collection of
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ng.3704
PubMed: 27798628
PubMed Central: 5238942
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Angola, Arabie saoudite, Australie, Belgique, Brésil, Cameroun, Canada, Espagne, Estonie, France, Gambie, Ghana, Iraq, Italie, Kenya, Lettonie, Lituanie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Ouganda, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Pérou, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, Suède, Tanzanie, Tunisie, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Arkansas, Bade-Wurtemberg, Bavière, Californie, Canton de Berne, Catalogne, Communauté de Madrid, District de Haute-Bavière, District de Tübingen, Gauteng, Gouvernorat de Tunis, Grand Londres, Hollande-Septentrionale, Lombardie, Rhode Island, Région Nord (Portugal), Région du Grand Accra, Schleswig-Holstein, Île-de-France
- Accra, Amsterdam, Barcelone, Berne, Braga, Johannesbourg, Kiel, Londres, Madrid, Milan, Munich, Paris, San Francisco, Tunis, Tübingen
- Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich, Université d'Amsterdam, Université de Berne, Université de Tunis - El Manar, Université du Ghana, Université du Minho, Université du Witwatersrand
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Le document en format XML
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Medical Science, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Science, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sichuan 610041</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Qian" sort="Gao, Qian" uniqKey="Gao Q" first="Qian" last="Gao">Qian Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, 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Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macedo, Rita" sort="Macedo, Rita" uniqKey="Macedo R" first="Rita" last="Macedo">Rita Macedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Laboratòrio de Saùde Publica, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratòrio de Saùde Publica, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mardassi, Helmi" sort="Mardassi, Helmi" uniqKey="Mardassi H" first="Helmi" last="Mardassi">Helmi Mardassi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Milagros" sort="Moreno, Milagros" uniqKey="Moreno M" first="Milagros" last="Moreno">Milagros Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Hospital Nossa Senhora Da Paz, Cubal, Benguela, Angola</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Angola</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Nossa Senhora Da Paz, Cubal, Benguela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Benguela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tudo Vilanova, Griselda" sort="Tudo Vilanova, Griselda" uniqKey="Tudo Vilanova G" first="Griselda" last="Tudo Vilanova">Griselda Tudo Vilanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic-ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic-ISGlobal, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyfe, Janet" sort="Fyfe, Janet" uniqKey="Fyfe J" first="Janet" last="Fyfe">Janet Fyfe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Globan, Maria" sort="Globan, Maria" uniqKey="Globan M" first="Maria" last="Globan">Maria Globan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Jackson" sort="Thomas, Jackson" uniqKey="Thomas J" first="Jackson" last="Thomas">Jackson Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bagamoyo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances" sort="Jamieson, Frances" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances" last="Jamieson">Frances Jamieson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guthrie, Jennifer L" sort="Guthrie, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Guthrie J" first="Jennifer L." last="Guthrie">Jennifer L. Guthrie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asante Poku, Adwoa" sort="Asante Poku, Adwoa" uniqKey="Asante Poku A" first="Adwoa" last="Asante-Poku">Adwoa Asante-Poku</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeboah Manu, Dorothy" sort="Yeboah Manu, Dorothy" uniqKey="Yeboah Manu D" first="Dorothy" last="Yeboah-Manu">Dorothy Yeboah-Manu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wampande, Eddie" sort="Wampande, Eddie" uniqKey="Wampande E" first="Eddie" last="Wampande">Eddie Wampande</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssengooba, Willy" sort="Ssengooba, Willy" uniqKey="Ssengooba W" first="Willy" last="Ssengooba">Willy Ssengooba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joloba, Moses" sort="Joloba, Moses" uniqKey="Joloba M" first="Moses" last="Joloba">Moses Joloba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henry Boom, W" sort="Henry Boom, W" uniqKey="Henry Boom W" first="W." last="Henry Boom">W. Henry Boom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Indira" sort="Basu, Indira" uniqKey="Basu I" first="Indira" last="Basu">Indira Basu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bower, James" sort="Bower, James" uniqKey="Bower J" first="James" last="Bower">James Bower</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saraiva, Margarida" sort="Saraiva, Margarida" uniqKey="Saraiva M" first="Margarida" last="Saraiva">Margarida Saraiva</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Minho</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Braga</settlement><region>Région Nord (Portugal)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Braga/Guimarães</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaconcellos, Sidra E G" sort="Vaconcellos, Sidra E G" uniqKey="Vaconcellos S" first="Sidra E. G." last="Vaconcellos">Sidra E. G. Vaconcellos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Oswaldo Cruz Institute</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suffys, Philip" sort="Suffys, Philip" uniqKey="Suffys P" first="Philip" last="Suffys">Philip Suffys</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Oswaldo Cruz Institute</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koch, Anastasia" sort="Koch, Anastasia" uniqKey="Koch A" first="Anastasia" last="Koch">Anastasia Koch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Robert" sort="Wilkinson, Robert" uniqKey="Wilkinson R" first="Robert" last="Wilkinson">Robert Wilkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Imperial College London</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A25">The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gail Bekker, Linda" sort="Gail Bekker, Linda" uniqKey="Gail Bekker L" first="Linda" last="Gail-Bekker">Linda Gail-Bekker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malla, Bijaya" sort="Malla, Bijaya" uniqKey="Malla B" first="Bijaya" last="Malla">Bijaya Malla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ley, Serej D" sort="Ley, Serej D" uniqKey="Ley S" first="Serej D." last="Ley">Serej D. Ley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, PNG</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">PNG</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, Hans Peter" sort="Beck, Hans Peter" uniqKey="Beck H" first="Hans-Peter" last="Beck">Hans-Peter Beck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Bouke C" sort="De Jong, Bouke C" uniqKey="De Jong B" first="Bouke C." last="De Jong">Bouke C. De Jong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toit, Kadri" sort="Toit, Kadri" uniqKey="Toit K" first="Kadri" last="Toit">Kadri Toit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Tartu University Hospital United Laboratories, Mycobacteriology, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Tartu University Hospital United Laboratories, Mycobacteriology, Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" sort="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Sanchez Padilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Sanchez-Padilla">Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Maryline" sort="Bonnet, Maryline" uniqKey="Bonnet M" first="Maryline" last="Bonnet">Maryline Bonnet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gil Brusola, Ana" sort="Gil Brusola, Ana" uniqKey="Gil Brusola A" first="Ana" last="Gil-Brusola">Ana Gil-Brusola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Microbiology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frank, Matthias" sort="Frank, Matthias" uniqKey="Frank M" first="Matthias" last="Frank">Matthias Frank</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" sort="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" uniqKey="Penlap Beng V" first="Veronique N." last="Penlap Beng">Veronique N. Penlap Beng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research (LTR), Biotechnology Center (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research (LTR), Biotechnology Center (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisenach, Kathleen" sort="Eisenach, Kathleen" uniqKey="Eisenach K" first="Kathleen" last="Eisenach">Kathleen Eisenach</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arkansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alani, Issam" sort="Alani, Issam" uniqKey="Alani I" first="Issam" last="Alani">Issam Alani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Baghdad, Iraq</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iraq</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Baghdad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Baghdad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" sort="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" uniqKey="Wangui Ndung P" first="Perpetual" last="Wangui Ndung">Perpetual Wangui Ndung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Revathi, Gunturu" sort="Revathi, Gunturu" uniqKey="Revathi G" first="Gunturu" last="Revathi">Gunturu Revathi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehre, Florian" sort="Gehre, Florian" uniqKey="Gehre F" first="Florian" last="Gehre">Florian Gehre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Research Council, Fajara, the Gambia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Gambie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council, Fajara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Fajara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akter, Suriya" sort="Akter, Suriya" uniqKey="Akter S" first="Suriya" last="Akter">Suriya Akter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntoumi, Francine" sort="Ntoumi, Francine" uniqKey="Ntoumi F" first="Francine" last="Ntoumi">Francine Ntoumi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Université Marien Gouabi, Brazzaville, Congo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart Isherwood, Lynsey" sort="Stewart Isherwood, Lynsey" uniqKey="Stewart Isherwood L" first="Lynsey" last="Stewart-Isherwood">Lynsey Stewart-Isherwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A39">Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntinginya, Nyanda E" sort="Ntinginya, Nyanda E" uniqKey="Ntinginya N" first="Nyanda E." last="Ntinginya">Nyanda E. Ntinginya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rachow, Andrea" sort="Rachow, Andrea" uniqKey="Rachow A" first="Andrea" last="Rachow">Andrea Rachow</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>partner site Munich</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>partner site Munich</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" sort="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" uniqKey="Cirillo D" first="Daniela Maria" last="Cirillo">Daniela Maria Cirillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skenders, Girts" sort="Skenders, Girts" uniqKey="Skenders G" first="Girts" last="Skenders">Girts Skenders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga, Latvia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffner, Sven" sort="Hoffner, Sven" uniqKey="Hoffner S" first="Sven" last="Hoffner">Sven Hoffner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A44">WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Solna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakonyte, Daiva" sort="Bakonyte, Daiva" uniqKey="Bakonyte D" first="Daiva" last="Bakonyte">Daiva Bakonyte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vilnius</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stakenas, Petras" sort="Stakenas, Petras" uniqKey="Stakenas P" first="Petras" last="Stakenas">Petras Stakenas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vilnius</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diel, Roland" sort="Diel, Roland" uniqKey="Diel R" first="Roland" last="Diel">Roland Diel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute for Epidemiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Epidemiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crudu, Valeriu" sort="Crudu, Valeriu" uniqKey="Crudu V" first="Valeriu" last="Crudu">Valeriu Crudu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Phthysiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Moldova</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldovan, Olga" sort="Moldovan, Olga" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Olga" last="Moldovan">Olga Moldovan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">'Marius Nasta' Pneumophtisiology Institute, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>'Marius Nasta' Pneumophtisiology Institute, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hajoj, Sahal" sort="Al Hajoj, Sahal" uniqKey="Al Hajoj S" first="Sahal" last="Al-Hajoj">Sahal Al-Hajoj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otero, Larissa" sort="Otero, Larissa" uniqKey="Otero L" first="Larissa" last="Otero">Larissa Otero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barletta, Francesca" sort="Barletta, Francesca" uniqKey="Barletta F" first="Francesca" last="Barletta">Francesca Barletta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jane Carter, E" sort="Jane Carter, E" uniqKey="Jane Carter E" first="E." last="Jane Carter">E. Jane Carter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A51">Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diero, Lameck" sort="Diero, Lameck" uniqKey="Diero L" first="Lameck" last="Diero">Lameck Diero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Supply, Philip" sort="Supply, Philip" uniqKey="Supply P" first="Philip" last="Supply">Philip Supply</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, I Aki" sort="Comas, I Aki" uniqKey="Comas I" first="I Aki" last="Comas">I Aki Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), 46010, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), 46010, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A55">CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemann, Stefan" sort="Niemann, Stefan" uniqKey="Niemann S" first="Stefan" last="Niemann">Stefan Niemann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Forschungszentrum Borstel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">German Center for Infection Research, Borstel Site, Borstel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research, Borstel Site, Borstel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gagneux, Sebastien" sort="Gagneux, Sebastien" uniqKey="Gagneux S" first="Sebastien" last="Gagneux">Sebastien Gagneux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27798628</idno><idno type="pmc">5238942</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5238942</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5238942</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ng.3704</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E48</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" 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type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002511</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002511</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages</title><author><name sortKey="Stucki, David" sort="Stucki, David" uniqKey="Stucki D" first="David" last="Stucki">David Stucki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brites, Daniela" sort="Brites, Daniela" uniqKey="Brites D" first="Daniela" last="Brites">Daniela Brites</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeljeli, Leila" sort="Jeljeli, Leila" uniqKey="Jeljeli L" first="Leïla" last="Jeljeli">Leïla Jeljeli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Forschungszentrum Borstel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coscolla, Mireia" sort="Coscolla, Mireia" uniqKey="Coscolla M" first="Mireia" last="Coscolla">Mireia Coscolla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qingyun" sort="Liu, Qingyun" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qingyun" last="Liu">Qingyun Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trauner, Andrej" sort="Trauner, Andrej" uniqKey="Trauner A" first="Andrej" last="Trauner">Andrej Trauner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenner, Lukas" sort="Fenner, Lukas" uniqKey="Fenner L" first="Lukas" last="Fenner">Lukas Fenner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rutaihwa, Liliana" sort="Rutaihwa, Liliana" uniqKey="Rutaihwa L" first="Liliana" last="Rutaihwa">Liliana Rutaihwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borrell, Sonia" sort="Borrell, Sonia" uniqKey="Borrell S" first="Sonia" last="Borrell">Sonia Borrell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Tao" sort="Luo, Tao" uniqKey="Luo T" first="Tao" last="Luo">Tao Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Science, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Science, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sichuan 610041</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Qian" sort="Gao, Qian" uniqKey="Gao Q" first="Qian" last="Gao">Qian Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kato Maeda, Midori" sort="Kato Maeda, Midori" uniqKey="Kato Maeda M" first="Midori" last="Kato-Maeda">Midori Kato-Maeda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macedo, Rita" sort="Macedo, Rita" uniqKey="Macedo R" first="Rita" last="Macedo">Rita Macedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Laboratòrio de Saùde Publica, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratòrio de Saùde Publica, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mardassi, Helmi" sort="Mardassi, Helmi" uniqKey="Mardassi H" first="Helmi" last="Mardassi">Helmi Mardassi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Milagros" sort="Moreno, Milagros" uniqKey="Moreno M" first="Milagros" last="Moreno">Milagros Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Hospital Nossa Senhora Da Paz, Cubal, Benguela, Angola</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Angola</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Nossa Senhora Da Paz, Cubal, Benguela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Benguela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tudo Vilanova, Griselda" sort="Tudo Vilanova, Griselda" uniqKey="Tudo Vilanova G" first="Griselda" last="Tudo Vilanova">Griselda Tudo Vilanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic-ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic-ISGlobal, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyfe, Janet" sort="Fyfe, Janet" uniqKey="Fyfe J" first="Janet" last="Fyfe">Janet Fyfe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Globan, Maria" sort="Globan, Maria" uniqKey="Globan M" first="Maria" last="Globan">Maria Globan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Jackson" sort="Thomas, Jackson" uniqKey="Thomas J" first="Jackson" last="Thomas">Jackson Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bagamoyo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances" sort="Jamieson, Frances" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances" last="Jamieson">Frances Jamieson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guthrie, Jennifer L" sort="Guthrie, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Guthrie J" first="Jennifer L." last="Guthrie">Jennifer L. Guthrie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asante Poku, Adwoa" sort="Asante Poku, Adwoa" uniqKey="Asante Poku A" first="Adwoa" last="Asante-Poku">Adwoa Asante-Poku</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeboah Manu, Dorothy" sort="Yeboah Manu, Dorothy" uniqKey="Yeboah Manu D" first="Dorothy" last="Yeboah-Manu">Dorothy Yeboah-Manu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wampande, Eddie" sort="Wampande, Eddie" uniqKey="Wampande E" first="Eddie" last="Wampande">Eddie Wampande</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ssengooba, Willy" sort="Ssengooba, Willy" uniqKey="Ssengooba W" first="Willy" last="Ssengooba">Willy Ssengooba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joloba, Moses" sort="Joloba, Moses" uniqKey="Joloba M" first="Moses" last="Joloba">Moses Joloba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henry Boom, W" sort="Henry Boom, W" uniqKey="Henry Boom W" first="W." last="Henry Boom">W. Henry Boom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cleveland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Indira" sort="Basu, Indira" uniqKey="Basu I" first="Indira" last="Basu">Indira Basu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bower, James" sort="Bower, James" uniqKey="Bower J" first="James" last="Bower">James Bower</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saraiva, Margarida" sort="Saraiva, Margarida" uniqKey="Saraiva M" first="Margarida" last="Saraiva">Margarida Saraiva</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Minho</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Braga</settlement><region>Région Nord (Portugal)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Braga/Guimarães</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaconcellos, Sidra E G" sort="Vaconcellos, Sidra E G" uniqKey="Vaconcellos S" first="Sidra E. G." last="Vaconcellos">Sidra E. G. Vaconcellos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Oswaldo Cruz Institute</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suffys, Philip" sort="Suffys, Philip" uniqKey="Suffys P" first="Philip" last="Suffys">Philip Suffys</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Oswaldo Cruz Institute</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koch, Anastasia" sort="Koch, Anastasia" uniqKey="Koch A" first="Anastasia" last="Koch">Anastasia Koch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Robert" sort="Wilkinson, Robert" uniqKey="Wilkinson R" first="Robert" last="Wilkinson">Robert Wilkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Imperial College London</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Imperial College London</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A25">The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gail Bekker, Linda" sort="Gail Bekker, Linda" uniqKey="Gail Bekker L" first="Linda" last="Gail-Bekker">Linda Gail-Bekker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malla, Bijaya" sort="Malla, Bijaya" uniqKey="Malla B" first="Bijaya" last="Malla">Bijaya Malla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ley, Serej D" sort="Ley, Serej D" uniqKey="Ley S" first="Serej D." last="Ley">Serej D. Ley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, PNG</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">PNG</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, Hans Peter" sort="Beck, Hans Peter" uniqKey="Beck H" first="Hans-Peter" last="Beck">Hans-Peter Beck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Bouke C" sort="De Jong, Bouke C" uniqKey="De Jong B" first="Bouke C." last="De Jong">Bouke C. De Jong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toit, Kadri" sort="Toit, Kadri" uniqKey="Toit K" first="Kadri" last="Toit">Kadri Toit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Tartu University Hospital United Laboratories, Mycobacteriology, Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Tartu University Hospital United Laboratories, Mycobacteriology, Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" sort="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Sanchez Padilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Sanchez-Padilla">Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Maryline" sort="Bonnet, Maryline" uniqKey="Bonnet M" first="Maryline" last="Bonnet">Maryline Bonnet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A29">Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gil Brusola, Ana" sort="Gil Brusola, Ana" uniqKey="Gil Brusola A" first="Ana" last="Gil-Brusola">Ana Gil-Brusola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Microbiology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frank, Matthias" sort="Frank, Matthias" uniqKey="Frank M" first="Matthias" last="Frank">Matthias Frank</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" sort="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" uniqKey="Penlap Beng V" first="Veronique N." last="Penlap Beng">Veronique N. Penlap Beng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Institute Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research (LTR), Biotechnology Center (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research (LTR), Biotechnology Center (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisenach, Kathleen" sort="Eisenach, Kathleen" uniqKey="Eisenach K" first="Kathleen" last="Eisenach">Kathleen Eisenach</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arkansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alani, Issam" sort="Alani, Issam" uniqKey="Alani I" first="Issam" last="Alani">Issam Alani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Baghdad, Iraq</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iraq</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Baghdad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Baghdad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" sort="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" uniqKey="Wangui Ndung P" first="Perpetual" last="Wangui Ndung">Perpetual Wangui Ndung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Revathi, Gunturu" sort="Revathi, Gunturu" uniqKey="Revathi G" first="Gunturu" last="Revathi">Gunturu Revathi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehre, Florian" sort="Gehre, Florian" uniqKey="Gehre F" first="Florian" last="Gehre">Florian Gehre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Medical Research Council, Fajara, the Gambia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Gambie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council, Fajara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Fajara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akter, Suriya" sort="Akter, Suriya" uniqKey="Akter S" first="Suriya" last="Akter">Suriya Akter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Insitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntoumi, Francine" sort="Ntoumi, Francine" uniqKey="Ntoumi F" first="Francine" last="Ntoumi">Francine Ntoumi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Université Marien Gouabi, Brazzaville, Congo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart Isherwood, Lynsey" sort="Stewart Isherwood, Lynsey" uniqKey="Stewart Isherwood L" first="Lynsey" last="Stewart-Isherwood">Lynsey Stewart-Isherwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A39">Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntinginya, Nyanda E" sort="Ntinginya, Nyanda E" uniqKey="Ntinginya N" first="Nyanda E." last="Ntinginya">Nyanda E. Ntinginya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rachow, Andrea" sort="Rachow, Andrea" uniqKey="Rachow A" first="Andrea" last="Rachow">Andrea Rachow</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>partner site Munich</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A41">Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>partner site Munich</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" sort="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" uniqKey="Cirillo D" first="Daniela Maria" last="Cirillo">Daniela Maria Cirillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skenders, Girts" sort="Skenders, Girts" uniqKey="Skenders G" first="Girts" last="Skenders">Girts Skenders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga, Latvia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffner, Sven" sort="Hoffner, Sven" uniqKey="Hoffner S" first="Sven" last="Hoffner">Sven Hoffner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A44">WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Solna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakonyte, Daiva" sort="Bakonyte, Daiva" uniqKey="Bakonyte D" first="Daiva" last="Bakonyte">Daiva Bakonyte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vilnius</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stakenas, Petras" sort="Stakenas, Petras" uniqKey="Stakenas P" first="Petras" last="Stakenas">Petras Stakenas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vilnius</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diel, Roland" sort="Diel, Roland" uniqKey="Diel R" first="Roland" last="Diel">Roland Diel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute for Epidemiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Epidemiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crudu, Valeriu" sort="Crudu, Valeriu" uniqKey="Crudu V" first="Valeriu" last="Crudu">Valeriu Crudu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Phthysiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Moldova</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldovan, Olga" sort="Moldovan, Olga" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Olga" last="Moldovan">Olga Moldovan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">'Marius Nasta' Pneumophtisiology Institute, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>'Marius Nasta' Pneumophtisiology Institute, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hajoj, Sahal" sort="Al Hajoj, Sahal" uniqKey="Al Hajoj S" first="Sahal" last="Al-Hajoj">Sahal Al-Hajoj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otero, Larissa" sort="Otero, Larissa" uniqKey="Otero L" first="Larissa" last="Otero">Larissa Otero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barletta, Francesca" sort="Barletta, Francesca" uniqKey="Barletta F" first="Francesca" last="Barletta">Francesca Barletta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit–Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jane Carter, E" sort="Jane Carter, E" uniqKey="Jane Carter E" first="E." last="Jane Carter">E. Jane Carter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A51">Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diero, Lameck" sort="Diero, Lameck" uniqKey="Diero L" first="Lameck" last="Diero">Lameck Diero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Supply, Philip" sort="Supply, Philip" uniqKey="Supply P" first="Philip" last="Supply">Philip Supply</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, I Aki" sort="Comas, I Aki" uniqKey="Comas I" first="I Aki" last="Comas">I Aki Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), 46010, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), 46010, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A55">CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemann, Stefan" sort="Niemann, Stefan" uniqKey="Niemann S" first="Stefan" last="Niemann">Stefan Niemann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Forschungszentrum Borstel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">German Center for Infection Research, Borstel Site, Borstel, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research, Borstel Site, Borstel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Borstel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gagneux, Sebastien" sort="Gagneux, Sebastien" uniqKey="Gagneux S" first="Sebastien" last="Gagneux">Sebastien Gagneux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1061-4036</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-1718</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Bacterial (analysis)</term><term>Genomics (methods)</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Global Health</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (classification)</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics)</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolation & purification)</term><term>Phylogeography</term><term>Polymorphism, Genetic (genetics)</term><term>Tuberculosis (genetics)</term><term>Tuberculosis (microbiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN bactérien (analyse)</term><term>Génomique ()</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis ()</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (génétique)</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolement et purification)</term><term>Phylogéographie</term><term>Polymorphisme génétique (génétique)</term><term>Santé mondiale</term><term>Tuberculose (génétique)</term><term>Tuberculose (microbiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Bacterial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN bactérien</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term><term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term><term>Tuberculosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term><term>Polymorphisme génétique</term><term>Tuberculose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Genomics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tuberculose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Tuberculosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Genotype</term><term>Global Health</term><term>Humans</term><term>Phylogeography</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génomique</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term><term>Phylogéographie</term><term>Santé mondiale</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Generalist and specialist species differ in the breadth of their ecological niche. Little is known about the niche width of obligate human pathogens. Here we analyzed a global collection of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Lineage 4 clinical isolates, the most geographically widespread cause of human tuberculosis. We show that Lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages, suggesting a distinction between generalists and specialists. Population genomic analyses showed that while the majority of human T cell epitopes were conserved in all sublineages, the proportion of variable epitopes was higher in generalists. Our data further support a European origin for the most common generalist sublineage. Hence, the global success of Lineage 4 reflects distinct strategies adopted by different sublineages and the influence of human migration.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Futuyma, Dj" uniqKey="Futuyma D">DJ Futuyma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, G" uniqKey="Moreno G">G Moreno</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woolhouse, Me" uniqKey="Woolhouse M">ME Woolhouse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Jp" uniqKey="Webster J">JP Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Domingo, E" uniqKey="Domingo E">E Domingo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charlesworth, B" uniqKey="Charlesworth B">B Charlesworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Br" uniqKey="Levin B">BR Levin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woolhouse, Me" uniqKey="Woolhouse M">ME Woolhouse</name></author><author><name 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Fenner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ballif, M" uniqKey="Ballif M">M Ballif</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wampande, E" uniqKey="Wampande E">E Wampande</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ley, Sd" uniqKey="Ley S">SD Ley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stucki, D" uniqKey="Stucki D">D Stucki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouakaze, C" uniqKey="Bouakaze C">C Bouakaze</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moller, M" uniqKey="Moller M">M Moller</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E de Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoal, Eg" uniqKey="Hoal E">EG Hoal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caws, M" uniqKey="Caws M">M Caws</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asante Poku, A" uniqKey="Asante Poku A">A Asante-Poku</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ng, Pc" uniqKey="Ng P">PC Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henikoff, S" uniqKey="Henikoff S">S Henikoff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ellstrand, Nc" uniqKey="Ellstrand N">NC Ellstrand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elam, Dr" uniqKey="Elam D">DR Elam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lanzas, F" uniqKey="Lanzas F">F Lanzas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karakousis, Pc" uniqKey="Karakousis P">PC Karakousis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sacchettini, Jc" uniqKey="Sacchettini J">JC Sacchettini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ioerger, Tr" uniqKey="Ioerger T">TR 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Clark</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Fb" uniqKey="Jamieson F">FB Jamieson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez Lago, L" uniqKey="Perez Lago L">L Perez-Lago</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerra Assuncao, Ja" uniqKey="Guerra Assuncao J">JA Guerra-Assuncao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerra Assuncao, Ja" uniqKey="Guerra Assuncao J">JA Guerra-Assuncao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Comas, I" uniqKey="Comas I">I Comas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coscolla, M" uniqKey="Coscolla M">M Coscolla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deitsch, Kw" uniqKey="Deitsch K">KW Deitsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lukehart, Sa" uniqKey="Lukehart S">SA Lukehart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stringer, Jr" uniqKey="Stringer J">JR Stringer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ernst, Jd" uniqKey="Ernst J">JD Ernst</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pepperell, Cs" uniqKey="Pepperell C">CS Pepperell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yj" uniqKey="Zhang Y">YJ Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Esparza, M" uniqKey="Esparza M">M Esparza</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bekmurzayeva, A" uniqKey="Bekmurzayeva A">A Bekmurzayeva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sypabekova, M" uniqKey="Sypabekova M">M Sypabekova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanayeva, D" uniqKey="Kanayeva D">D 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Y">Y Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Aj" uniqKey="Harris A">AJ Harris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blair, C" uniqKey="Blair C">C Blair</name></author><author><name sortKey="He, X" uniqKey="He X">X He</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brudey, K" uniqKey="Brudey K">K Brudey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Comas, I" uniqKey="Comas I">I Comas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bos, Ki" uniqKey="Bos K">KI Bos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kay, Gl" uniqKey="Kay G">GL Kay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lazzarini, Lc" uniqKey="Lazzarini L">LC Lazzarini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perdigao, J" uniqKey="Perdigao J">J Perdigao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mokrousov, I" uniqKey="Mokrousov I">I Mokrousov</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bates, Jh" uniqKey="Bates J">JH Bates</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stead, Ww" uniqKey="Stead W">WW Stead</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gagneux, S" uniqKey="Gagneux S">S Gagneux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Small, Pm" uniqKey="Small P">PM Small</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steiner, A" uniqKey="Steiner A">A Steiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stucki, D" uniqKey="Stucki D">D Stucki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coscolla, M" uniqKey="Coscolla M">M Coscolla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrell, S" uniqKey="Borrell S">S Borrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gagneux, S" uniqKey="Gagneux S">S Gagneux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bolger, Am" uniqKey="Bolger A">AM Bolger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lohse, M" uniqKey="Lohse M">M Lohse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usadel, B" uniqKey="Usadel B">B Usadel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, K" uniqKey="Wang K">K Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M">M Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, H" uniqKey="Hakonarson H">H Hakonarson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K Tamura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paradis, E" uniqKey="Paradis E">E Paradis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Claude, J" uniqKey="Claude J">J Claude</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strimmer, K" uniqKey="Strimmer K">K Strimmer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Excoffier, L" uniqKey="Excoffier L">L Excoffier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laval, G" uniqKey="Laval G">G Laval</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, S" uniqKey="Schneider S">S Schneider</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Waterhouse, Am" uniqKey="Waterhouse A">AM Waterhouse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Procter, Jb" uniqKey="Procter J">JB Procter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Dm" uniqKey="Martin D">DM Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clamp, M" uniqKey="Clamp M">M Clamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barton, Gj" uniqKey="Barton G">GJ Barton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maddison, W" uniqKey="Maddison W">W Maddison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maddison, D" uniqKey="Maddison D">D Maddison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lew, Jm" uniqKey="Lew J">JM Lew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapopoulou, A" uniqKey="Kapopoulou A">A Kapopoulou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Lm" uniqKey="Jones L">LM Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, St" uniqKey="Cole S">ST Cole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ronquist, F" uniqKey="Ronquist F">F Ronquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huelsenbeck, Jp" uniqKey="Huelsenbeck J">JP Huelsenbeck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hartl, D" uniqKey="Hartl D">D Hartl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clarck, Ag" uniqKey="Clarck A">AG Clarck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, Sf" uniqKey="Altschul S">SF Altschul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W Gish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, W" uniqKey="Miller W">W Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, Ew" uniqKey="Myers E">EW Myers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipman, Dj" uniqKey="Lipman D">DJ Lipman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Angola</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Estonie</li><li>France</li><li>Gambie</li><li>Ghana</li><li>Iraq</li><li>Italie</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Lettonie</li><li>Lituanie</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>Tanzanie</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Arkansas</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Bavière</li><li>Californie</li><li>Canton de Berne</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li><li>District de Tübingen</li><li>Gauteng</li><li>Gouvernorat de Tunis</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Rhode Island</li><li>Région Nord (Portugal)</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li><li>Schleswig-Holstein</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Barcelone</li><li>Berne</li><li>Braga</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Kiel</li><li>Londres</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Milan</li><li>Munich</li><li>Paris</li><li>San Francisco</li><li>Tunis</li><li>Tübingen</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</li><li>Université d'Amsterdam</li><li>Université de Berne</li><li>Université de Tunis - El Manar</li><li>Université du Ghana</li><li>Université du Minho</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Crudu, Valeriu" sort="Crudu, Valeriu" uniqKey="Crudu V" first="Valeriu" last="Crudu">Valeriu Crudu</name></noCountry><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Stucki, David" sort="Stucki, David" uniqKey="Stucki D" first="David" last="Stucki">David Stucki</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><name sortKey="Beck, Hans Peter" sort="Beck, Hans Peter" uniqKey="Beck H" first="Hans-Peter" last="Beck">Hans-Peter Beck</name><name sortKey="Beck, Hans Peter" sort="Beck, Hans Peter" uniqKey="Beck H" first="Hans-Peter" last="Beck">Hans-Peter Beck</name><name sortKey="Borrell, Sonia" sort="Borrell, Sonia" uniqKey="Borrell S" first="Sonia" last="Borrell">Sonia Borrell</name><name sortKey="Borrell, Sonia" sort="Borrell, Sonia" uniqKey="Borrell S" first="Sonia" last="Borrell">Sonia Borrell</name><name sortKey="Brites, Daniela" sort="Brites, Daniela" uniqKey="Brites D" first="Daniela" last="Brites">Daniela Brites</name><name sortKey="Brites, Daniela" sort="Brites, Daniela" uniqKey="Brites D" first="Daniela" last="Brites">Daniela Brites</name><name sortKey="Coscolla, Mireia" sort="Coscolla, Mireia" uniqKey="Coscolla M" first="Mireia" last="Coscolla">Mireia Coscolla</name><name sortKey="Coscolla, Mireia" sort="Coscolla, Mireia" uniqKey="Coscolla M" first="Mireia" last="Coscolla">Mireia Coscolla</name><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><name sortKey="Fenner, Lukas" sort="Fenner, Lukas" uniqKey="Fenner 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Ley</name><name sortKey="Ley, Serej D" sort="Ley, Serej D" uniqKey="Ley S" first="Serej D." last="Ley">Serej D. Ley</name><name sortKey="Malla, Bijaya" sort="Malla, Bijaya" uniqKey="Malla B" first="Bijaya" last="Malla">Bijaya Malla</name><name sortKey="Malla, Bijaya" sort="Malla, Bijaya" uniqKey="Malla B" first="Bijaya" last="Malla">Bijaya Malla</name><name sortKey="Rutaihwa, Liliana" sort="Rutaihwa, Liliana" uniqKey="Rutaihwa L" first="Liliana" last="Rutaihwa">Liliana Rutaihwa</name><name sortKey="Rutaihwa, Liliana" sort="Rutaihwa, Liliana" uniqKey="Rutaihwa L" first="Liliana" last="Rutaihwa">Liliana Rutaihwa</name><name sortKey="Stucki, David" sort="Stucki, David" uniqKey="Stucki D" first="David" last="Stucki">David Stucki</name><name sortKey="Trauner, Andrej" sort="Trauner, Andrej" uniqKey="Trauner A" first="Andrej" last="Trauner">Andrej Trauner</name><name sortKey="Trauner, Andrej" sort="Trauner, Andrej" uniqKey="Trauner A" first="Andrej" last="Trauner">Andrej Trauner</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jeljeli, Leila" sort="Jeljeli, Leila" uniqKey="Jeljeli L" first="Leïla" last="Jeljeli">Leïla Jeljeli</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Diel, Roland" sort="Diel, Roland" uniqKey="Diel R" first="Roland" last="Diel">Roland Diel</name><name sortKey="Frank, Matthias" sort="Frank, Matthias" uniqKey="Frank M" first="Matthias" last="Frank">Matthias Frank</name><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><name sortKey="Niemann, Stefan" sort="Niemann, Stefan" uniqKey="Niemann S" first="Stefan" last="Niemann">Stefan Niemann</name><name sortKey="Niemann, Stefan" sort="Niemann, Stefan" uniqKey="Niemann S" first="Stefan" last="Niemann">Stefan Niemann</name><name sortKey="Ntoumi, Francine" sort="Ntoumi, Francine" uniqKey="Ntoumi F" first="Francine" last="Ntoumi">Francine Ntoumi</name><name sortKey="Rachow, Andrea" sort="Rachow, Andrea" uniqKey="Rachow A" first="Andrea" last="Rachow">Andrea Rachow</name></country><country name="Tunisie"><region name="Gouvernorat de Tunis"><name sortKey="Jeljeli, Leila" sort="Jeljeli, Leila" uniqKey="Jeljeli L" first="Leïla" last="Jeljeli">Leïla Jeljeli</name></region><name sortKey="Mardassi, Helmi" sort="Mardassi, Helmi" uniqKey="Mardassi H" first="Helmi" last="Mardassi">Helmi Mardassi</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, Qingyun" sort="Liu, Qingyun" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qingyun" last="Liu">Qingyun Liu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gao, Qian" sort="Gao, Qian" uniqKey="Gao Q" first="Qian" last="Gao">Qian Gao</name><name sortKey="Luo, Tao" sort="Luo, Tao" uniqKey="Luo T" first="Tao" last="Luo">Tao Luo</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Kato Maeda, Midori" sort="Kato Maeda, Midori" uniqKey="Kato Maeda M" first="Midori" last="Kato-Maeda">Midori Kato-Maeda</name></region><name sortKey="Eisenach, Kathleen" sort="Eisenach, Kathleen" uniqKey="Eisenach K" first="Kathleen" last="Eisenach">Kathleen Eisenach</name><name sortKey="Henry Boom, W" sort="Henry Boom, W" uniqKey="Henry Boom W" first="W." last="Henry Boom">W. Henry Boom</name><name sortKey="Jane Carter, E" sort="Jane Carter, E" uniqKey="Jane Carter E" first="E." last="Jane Carter">E. 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G." last="Vaconcellos">Sidra E. G. 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De Jong</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Akter, Suriya" sort="Akter, Suriya" uniqKey="Akter S" first="Suriya" last="Akter">Suriya Akter</name><name sortKey="Gehre, Florian" sort="Gehre, Florian" uniqKey="Gehre F" first="Florian" last="Gehre">Florian Gehre</name></country><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Toit, Kadri" sort="Toit, Kadri" uniqKey="Toit K" first="Kadri" last="Toit">Kadri Toit</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" sort="Sanchez Padilla, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Sanchez Padilla E" first="Elisabeth" last="Sanchez-Padilla">Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla</name></region><name sortKey="Bonnet, Maryline" sort="Bonnet, Maryline" uniqKey="Bonnet M" first="Maryline" last="Bonnet">Maryline Bonnet</name><name sortKey="Supply, Philip" sort="Supply, Philip" uniqKey="Supply P" first="Philip" last="Supply">Philip Supply</name></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" sort="Penlap Beng, Veronique N" uniqKey="Penlap Beng V" first="Veronique N." last="Penlap Beng">Veronique N. Penlap Beng</name></noRegion></country><country name="Iraq"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alani, Issam" sort="Alani, Issam" uniqKey="Alani I" first="Issam" last="Alani">Issam Alani</name></noRegion></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" sort="Wangui Ndung, Perpetual" uniqKey="Wangui Ndung P" first="Perpetual" last="Wangui Ndung">Perpetual Wangui Ndung</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Diero, Lameck" sort="Diero, Lameck" uniqKey="Diero L" first="Lameck" last="Diero">Lameck Diero</name><name sortKey="Jane Carter, E" sort="Jane Carter, E" uniqKey="Jane Carter E" first="E." last="Jane Carter">E. Jane Carter</name><name sortKey="Revathi, Gunturu" sort="Revathi, Gunturu" uniqKey="Revathi G" first="Gunturu" last="Revathi">Gunturu Revathi</name></country><country name="Gambie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gehre, Florian" sort="Gehre, Florian" uniqKey="Gehre F" first="Florian" last="Gehre">Florian Gehre</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Lombardie"><name sortKey="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" sort="Cirillo, Daniela Maria" uniqKey="Cirillo D" first="Daniela Maria" last="Cirillo">Daniela Maria Cirillo</name></region></country><country name="Lettonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skenders, Girts" sort="Skenders, Girts" uniqKey="Skenders G" first="Girts" last="Skenders">Girts Skenders</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hoffner, Sven" sort="Hoffner, Sven" uniqKey="Hoffner S" first="Sven" last="Hoffner">Sven Hoffner</name></noRegion></country><country name="Lituanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bakonyte, Daiva" sort="Bakonyte, Daiva" uniqKey="Bakonyte D" first="Daiva" last="Bakonyte">Daiva Bakonyte</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Stakenas, Petras" sort="Stakenas, Petras" uniqKey="Stakenas P" first="Petras" last="Stakenas">Petras Stakenas</name></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Moldovan, Olga" sort="Moldovan, Olga" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Olga" last="Moldovan">Olga Moldovan</name></noRegion></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Al Hajoj, Sahal" sort="Al Hajoj, Sahal" uniqKey="Al Hajoj S" first="Sahal" last="Al-Hajoj">Sahal Al-Hajoj</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Otero, Larissa" sort="Otero, Larissa" uniqKey="Otero L" first="Larissa" last="Otero">Larissa Otero</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Barletta, Francesca" sort="Barletta, Francesca" uniqKey="Barletta F" first="Francesca" last="Barletta">Francesca Barletta</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages
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